Smartphones and mobile technology have already revolutionized communication and consumer behavior. Increasingly, people worldwide rely on their mobile devices for various tasks and transactions. The introduction of the 5G wireless communication network is poised to advance this trend even further. ...

The deployment of new 5G Radio Access Network (RAN) equipment alongside the introduction of 5G systems is expected to lead to a significant increase in energy consumption over the coming years. This increase will not only affect energy levels but ...